Force feeding will have to overcome this reflex and hence the birds may initially find this distressing and injury may result.” Claim 2 Because both breeds are dabbling ducks and not diving ducks, their natural, swallowed diet consists primarily of aquatic plants and insects, or sometimes small fish, but not “large prey.”Īdditionally, the Scientific Committee on Animal Health and Animal Welfare of the European Commission found that the “oropharyngeal area is particularly sensitive and is physiologically adapted to perform a gag reflex in order to prevent fluids entering the trachea. foie gras production are Muscovy or Muscovy/Mallard hybrid ducks. Asphyxia (suffocation) can occur if food accidentally enters the trachea instead of the adjacent esophagus.Īpproximately 95% of the birds used in U.S. In addition, aspiration may occur food accidentally entering the adjacent windpipe can lead to aspiration-associated irritation, infection and consequent difficulty breathing. Injuries can also occur from the food being too hot. The mouth of the inserted pipe or funnel can cause injuries, and bruising or perforation of the esophagus can occur from insertion of the pipe or funnel. Whereas a bird swallowing its own food uses voluntary muscle movements and digestive reflexes, the forced action of inserting a foreign object poses much more risk, over which the bird has no control. In foie gras production, force-feeding is accomplished via a long metal pipe inserted down the bird’s esophagus. “Ducks have no gag reflex & their esophagi have a tough lining, so they can swallow fish & other prey without pain.”
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